Evaluated screen

Anti-Personnel Mines Development

Identifies entities involved in the research, design, engineering, prototyping, testing, or technical development of operational anti-personnel mines as defined by the Ottawa Convention, including fuzes, triggers, sensors, or other components specifically designed or materially modified for those mines where the mine-specific end use is established.

Type
Evaluated
Version
2026.08.21.2
Published
Aug 21, 2026
Inclusions
7
Exclusions
6
How to read this definition

Inclusion criteria describe evidence that can establish this activity. Exclusion criteria identify circumstances that do not establish it on that basis alone. The evaluation remains connected to its taxonomy version and supporting evidence.

Can establish this activity

Included when supported

Evidence may support involvement when it matches one or more of these inclusion criteria.

7 criteria
  1. 01Criterion

    Entities Engaged in R&D of Anti-Personnel Mines

    Defined as: Companies or institutions involved in designing or engineering anti-personnel mines intended to detonate from human contact, proximity, or presence.

  2. 02Criterion

    Prototype Developers and Design Engineers

    Defined as: Firms responsible for creating or refining blueprints, functional mockups, or test models of anti-personnel mines.

  3. 03Criterion

    Contractors in Government-Funded Landmine Programs

    Defined as: Entities that receive military or defense funding specifically for developing anti-personnel mine technologies or mechanisms.

  4. 04Criterion

    Development of Dedicated Anti-Personnel-Mine Fuzes, Triggers, and Components

    Defined as: Entities that research, design, engineer, prototype, or test fuzes, pressure plates, tripwires, proximity sensors, or other components specifically designed or materially modified to activate or function within operational anti-personnel mines, where the mine-specific end use is established.

  5. 05Criterion

    Entities Involved in Testing and Evaluation of New Mine Models

    Defined as: Organizations that conduct field trials or lab-based testing of anti-personnel mine performance, durability, or lethality.

  6. 06Criterion

    Co-Developers in International Mine Programs

    Defined as: Companies participating in collaborative development agreements or technology sharing related to anti-personnel mines.

  7. 07Criterion

    Corroborated Development Evidence From Authoritative Monitors

    Defined as: Entities for which an NGO, treaty monitor, UN body, government record, sanctions or enforcement record, or other authoritative investigation provides an exact legal-entity, product, development, and time attribution concerning treaty-defined anti-personnel mines, and the assertion is corroborated by a primary source or another independent authoritative source. List membership or a combined controversial-weapons list alone is insufficient.

Does not establish this activity on its own

Excluded on this basis alone

These circumstances do not establish this activity unless separate evidence also meets an inclusion criterion.

6 criteria
  1. 01Criterion

    Development of Anti-Vehicle or Command-Only Devices Without a Victim-Activated Mode

    Defined as: Entities that develop only anti-vehicle mines or command-detonated explosive devices that require deliberate human activation and have no available mode triggered by the presence, proximity, or contact of a person. Sensor technology, remote delivery, self-destruction, self-neutralization, or self-deactivation does not by itself place a victim-activated mine outside the treaty definition.

  2. 02Criterion

    Simulation, Modeling, or Forensics Research (Non-Weapons Focus)

    Defined as: Academic or defense researchers using mine models for clearance training, policy simulation, or forensic analysis.

  3. 03Criterion

    Dual-Use Component R&D (Without Mine Integration)

    Defined as: Companies designing sensors, casings, or electronics for general military use not shown to be used in anti-personnel mines.

  4. 04Criterion

    Producers Without R&D Capability

    Defined as: Manufacturers that assemble anti-personnel mines without involvement in their technical or conceptual development.

  5. 05Criterion

    Historical-Only Development

    Defined as: Entities with verified past development of operational anti-personnel mines or the applicable outside-definition devices, where reliable evidence establishes that the qualifying activity has fully ceased, been divested, transferred, dismantled, terminated, or otherwise ended and no current qualifying involvement remains. Historical-only activity does not qualify as current involvement. Preserve the historical record separately with the activity period, effective cessation or transfer date, relevant entity, product, programme, facility, or contract, and supporting evidence. Absence of recent evidence alone is not sufficient to establish cessation.

  6. 06Criterion

    Mine Clearance Technology Developers

    Defined as: Entities researching demining robotics, detection devices, or explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) technologies, not mine creation.

Evidence and evaluation methodology

How sources, entity pathways, decisions, qualifiers, and review history are handled.

Map screens to a client policy

How to choose provider screens, document coverage, and decide what happens after an outcome.

Other screens under Anti-Personnel Mines (Treaty Definition)

Taxonomy version 2026.08.21.2, published Aug 21, 2026. Material changes receive a new immutable release so earlier evaluations remain tied to the definitions and criteria used.

Anti-Personnel Mines (Treaty Definition)